Policy-focused research in collaboration with government departments

OUR SCOPUS RESEARCH COLLABORATION WITH GOVERNMENT/NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS AND EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS 
This research collaboration aims to analyze and evaluate the progress made towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals. The research will rely on Scopus, a comprehensive database that encompasses a wide range of scholarly publications, to identify relevant studies published globally.
Additionally, the researchers will explore regional and country-specific case studies to examine the implementation of SDG 16 across different contexts. Through interviews, surveys, and data analysis, the collaboration will assess the effectiveness of policies, programs, and initiatives aimed at achieving the targets of SDG 16.
The findings from this research collaboration will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the progress made towards achieving SDG 16 and will offer insights into effective strategies and interventions. By disseminating the results through academic publications and conferences, the collaboration aims to inform policy-making, international organizations, civil society, and other stakeholders working towards the attainment of SDG 16.
Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs, Scopus, literature review, research collaboration, peace, justice, strong institutions.

Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis in children: new approaches to diagnosis and treatment
Yu. A. Akhmatova1*, A. Akhmatov1, B. A. Yuldashev1, and N. Ya. Ruzikulov1
Abstract. A survey of 120 children with HTIN, aged from 4 to 15 years, was conducted. Taking into account the clinical variant of HTIN, all patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 – 52 (43%) children with recurrent form of HTIN and group 2 - 68 (57%) patients with latent HTIN. Among them, there were 65 boys (54%), 55 girls (46%). The conducted studies have shown that with the development of rHTIN and lHTIN, an important mechanism of damage to interstitial kidney tissue, the development of clinical symptoms and the course of the disease is both a metabolic disorder leading to structural shifts at the level of various elements of the nephron and changes in the functional state of the kidneys, and instability of the cytomembranes of tubular cells. The analysis of the results of the study showed that the method of treatment proposed by the authors is the most effective way of treating HTIN, due to accelerated recovery, both clinical and laboratory parameters of the disease and indicators of protein metabolism, as well as in relation to the restoration of the functional state of the kidneys, which leads to a reduction in the length of hospital stay, a reduction in the number of relapses of exacerbation, prevention complications of the chronic process. All this contributes to preventing the development of disability and reducing the number of child deaths from CRF.

Effect of comorbid conditions on the course of COVID-19 in patients with chronic diseases of the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems
E. N. Tashkenbaeva1*, G. A. Abdieva1, A. I. Muhiddinov1, D. D. Khaydarova1, and B. M. Togaeva1
1Department of Internal Diseases No-2 and Cardiology of Samarkand State Medical University.
Samarkand, 18 Amir Temur ko'chasi, Samarqand, Uzbekistan
Abstract. The pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 has become a serious challenge to humanity. Prior to this period, cardiovascular diseases (CVS) were a major health problem in all countries, including hypertension (AH), which is a leading risk factor for vascular disasters; acute disorders of cerebral circulation, myocardial infarction. Hypertension makes a significant contribution to the structure of mortality and disability from cardiovascular diseases. The year 2020 changed the decades-old perception of diseases that pose a threat to health on a global scale. The leading clinical symptoms of COVID-19 in patients with background diseases CVS and hypertension are described. An important aspect of COVID-19 is the course of infection in patients with a burdened comorbid background, while the role of hypertension as a risk factor for severe forms is noted. The data obtained will serve to understand the systemic effects, including cardiovascular, that COVID-19 has, which will optimize the provision of timely comprehensive medical care to patients, develop an algorithm for the tactics of management and observation in different periods of the COVID-19 disease.

Geometry of foliations of Minkowski spaces
A. Artykbaev1*, A. Ya. Narmanov2, and Sh. Sh. Ismoilov2
1Tashkent State Transport University, 100067 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
2National University of Uzbekistan, 100174 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. As is well known, foliations of constant curvature and foliations generated by the orbits of Killing vector fields are important classes of foliations from a geometric point of view. The paper studies the geometry of some foliations of the Minkowski space, which arise in a natural way. It is shown that these foliations are foliations of constant curvature. The paper also studies the geometry of some singular foliations generated by the orbits of Killing vector fields.

Scopus-based bibliometric analysis on corpus linguistics for the period of 2017-2021
B.R. Mengliye1*, Sh. Hamroyeva1, and O. Abdullayeva1
1Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi, 100100
Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. This article aims to observe the latest scientific theories in the field of corpus linguistics, to analyze the latest research trends in corpus linguistics and the creation of language corpora. The results of our research are based on bibliometric analysis of scientific research results and review articles of universities, scientific research centers and well-known scientists of different countries where scientific and practical work is being carried out in the field of corpus linguistics. We analyzed the publications in the Scopus database in the field of corpus linguistics in 2017-2021 and found research results related to finding solutions to various problems in language corpora and problems in it and we observed bibliometric method through speech recognition, syntactic parsing problems, semantic tagging problems, automatic tokenization and lemmatization. This is the first research in Uzbek linguistics to report on the landscape of corpus linguistics in recent years. This research contributes to the general scientific understanding of corpus linguistics and provides insight into the past, present, and future of linguistics. 1353 publications were analyzed in the article. Although the field of corpus linguistics originated in the 1960s and 1970s, the fields of study have expanded and changed over time. Among the fields of linguistics, this direction is dynamic. In recent years, national corpora and target corpora have been created in various languages, and solutions to complex linguistic problems have been found.

The role of middle-weight molecules and the detoxication activity of mixed saliva albumin in the development of periodontal pathology in oil refinery workers
Olga Bekjanova1* and Adizov Miraziz1
1Tashkent State Dental Institute, 100187 Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Abstract. The study evaluated the biochemical effects of chronic exposure to the oil refining industry on medium-weight molecules and the detoxifying activity of mixed saliva albumin in the development of periodontal pathology in oil refinery workers in the mixed saliva of workers in hazardous production. The workers of the main specialties of the Bukhara oil refinery were examined.

Qualitative and quantitative indicators of coked products, sorption characteristics
Abror Abdurakhmonov1*, Bosit Khamidov1, Sardor Dekhkanov2, Marg`uba Abdullayeva4,
Shavkat Khamidov1, and Ahliddin Abdunazarov5
1Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, avenue Mirzo Ulugbek, 77A, 100071 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
2Andijon Machine-Building Institute, Andijan, Uzbekistan
3Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers, 39 Kari Niyazov ko'chasi,
100000 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
4Tashkent Medical Academy, Farabi 2, 100109 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
5Namangan State Pedagogical Institute, Namangan, Uzbekistan
Abstract. Coke is a by-product of petroleum. Currently, petroleum coke is mainly used in the metallurgical industry. However, due to the large amount of carbon in its composition, obtaining a carbon adsorbent from coke is one of the important tasks. Due to its structural and mechanical strength, the production and industrial use of carbon sorbent from coke is important. Especially carbon adsorbents with micro-, meso- and macropores can be used in the regeneration of oils used in various industries. It improves the physicochemical properties of industrial and engine oils.

Climate conditions, hydrogeology and meliorative conditions of serozem -grass soils of mirzaabad district, sirdaryo region
Dilafruz Makhkamova1*, Gulchekhra Nabiyeva1, Zamira Abdushukurova1, Shoira
Iskhakova1, and Aziza Abdujabbarovna1
1National University of Uzbekistan named after M. Ulugbek, Almazar district, University St. 4,
100174 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. This in the article Mirzaabad district of Sirdarya region serozem - meadow determining the current state of soil fertility and land
reclamation, as well as their effective use events about data given.

Thermodynamics of hydrogen sulfide adsorption in Zeolite LiX
Eldor Abdurakhmonov1,2* and Nigora Dekhkanova3
1Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, avenue Mirzo Ulugbek, 77A, 100071 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
2Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers National ResearchUniversity, 39 Kari Niyazov ko'chasi, 100000 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
3Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, O'zbekiston ovozi street 1a Index:, Fergana 150100, Uzbekistan
Abstract. Sulfur compounds adversely affect the technological process of oil and gas refining, as well as the release of sulfur-containing compounds into the atmosphere, polluting the environment. Oil and gas processing is carried out using microporous adsorbents with high sorption capacity in the purification of gases containing sulfur. This is one of the most efficient methods in oil refining and gas processing. In research work, the adsorption of gases containing sulfur in their composition is carried out in various ways. When determining the formation complex, the main centers of Li-ionic molecules, it was possible to obtain a more accurate idea of the adsorption mechanism at the stages of absorption of hydrogen sulfide molecules into Li-zeolites using a highly sensitive adsorption calorimeter. In our study, in the process of adsorption of hydrogen sulfide on the LiX zeolite, the results of differential adsorption heat, isotherm, entropy, and thermal equilibrium time (thermokinetics) based on obtained in a high vacuum adsorption device are accurately revealed. Based on exact formulas, it was proved how many hydrogen sulfide molecules are adsorbed in the zeolite that died under vacuum conditions.

Development of an information system for organizing and managing the educational process based on smart technologies
B. B. Elov1* and M.H. Primova2
1Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi, 100100
Tashkent, Uzbekistan
2National University of Uzbekistan, 100174 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. This article discusses the concept of business processes that are widely used in the educational process - the structure of the learning process management system (SMART LMS) and the implementation of part of the system in SMART LMS. When developing an LMS information system, it is necessary to formulate the concepts and principles of the learning process management system. The LMS concept demonstrates the strategic solutions that need to be addressed in higher education. Through the principles of LMS, the concept of LMS is defined using modern educational technologies. Through SMART LMS, all business processes in higher education activities are carried out transparently and SMART LMS has become a decision-making tool. A single management system is formed through the principle of mutual integration of LMS integrated systems. According to this principle, additional and other management systems of the university information environment should be integrated with existing systems and mutual information exchange should be organized.

Problems with Uzbek tour guide students
D. R. Ermanov1* and Sh.B. Soatova1
1Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature, named after Alisher Navoi, 100100 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. This article recognizes the teaching of foreign languages in Uzbekistan on the example of English and how well it meets the requirements of international tourism, the problems associated with foreign languages in the industry and the specialization of tourism required by foreign language audiences

Economic terminology of the Uzbek language: sources and methods of development
G. A. Asilova1*, E. T. Shirinova1, and G. T. Iskandarova1
1Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi, 100100 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. By the authors of the paper analyzing several properties of the economic terminology of the Uzbek language. In particular, data are given on the research of terms in various fields in Uzbek and world linguistics, interpretations of special terms in the works of linguists, and also considers the systemic characteristics, sources and ways of developing the economic terminology of the Uzbek language. Also paid attention to the process of development of the economic terminology of the Uzbek language based on the internal language potential, namely the methods of affixation, composition, abbreviation, semantic and others. Substantiated the role of borrowing in the development of the language in general and in the enrichment of economic terminology in particular. Considered the views of linguists from different countries on this issue. The opinions of the authors are substantiated by examples, which analyzed during the study.

The order of morpheme acquisition in uzbek language (examples of chinese students who learning Uzbek as a second language)
I. A. Azimova1*, K. M. Mavlonova1, O. I. Saidaxmedova1, R. K. Atamuratov1, and O. Abdullayeva1
1Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi, 100100 Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Abstract. The process of acquiring morphemes is one of the most interesting issues in psycholinguistics. Language acquisition is related to the first language and explains a certain order of acquisition of sounds, words, grammatical signs, sentence structure. This procedure serves as a basis for learning the language as a foreign language. The article shows how the hypothesis of natural order works in the Uzbek language, that is, an experiment was conducted on the acquisition of a certain morpheme earlier than other morphemes in the systematic acquisition of grammatical forms in the Uzbek language. It shows that an experiment was conducted with 14 Chinese language learners studying Uzbek as a foreign language. Experiments were conducted in China, in an environment where Uzbek is not the native language, and the results were generalized. The participants of the experiment were asked to put the necessary morpheme in the blank spaces and to translate the given sentences from Chinese to Uzbek, and to evaluate the experiment carried out by them. From the obtained result, the order of accuracy level of grammatical additions in Uzbek was determined and compared with the order of morphemes obtained in the acquisition of Uzbek as a first language.

Influence of the parameters to transition capacitance at nCdS-pSi heterostructure
I. B. Sapaev1,2*, B. Sapaev3, S. Sadullaev1, J. Sh. Abdullayev1, A. V. Umarov4, R. U. Siddikov5, A. A. Mamasoliev5, and K. S. Daliev6
1National Research University TIIAME, Kori Niyoziy str., 100000 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
2Akfa University, Milliy Bog Street 264, 111221 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
3Tashkent State Agrarian University, University street, 2, Tashkent 100140, Uzbekistan
4Tashkent State Transport University. Adilkhodjaeva street, 1, 100067 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
5Kokand Branch of Tashkent State Technical University, Street U.Nasir, 4, Kokand, Uzbekistan
6Scientific Research Institute of Semiconductor Physics and Microelectronics, National University of Uzbekistan, 100174 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. It is important to research the dependence of the capacitance and capacitance on the parameters on the photodiodes. In this article, we aim research experimental and theoretical on the nCdSpSi heterostructure. A heavily doped n+CdS layer with a thickness of about 50 Å was created by deposition of a thin layer of indium (In) for 25-30 s on the surface of a  CdS film in vacuum with a residual pressure of 10-5 Torr at a substrate temperature of 373 K, followed by annealing at 673 K in within 300s. Then, on the surface of this heavily doped n+CdS layer, a currentcollecting "P"-shaped ohmic contact with an area of 3 mm2 was obtained also by the vacuum evaporation of In.

Semantic-Syntactic relations and cognitive features of Russian and Uzbek pseudonyms
S. S. Ibragimova1*
1Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi, 100100 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. This article discusses and analyzes the semantic-syntactic relations and cognitive features of Russian and Uzbek pseudonyms, national and cultural originality of pseudonyms. If we compare the languages and cultures of different peoples, we can distinguish matching and non-matching elements. An analysis of the semantics of pseudonyms showed that a pseudonym retains a pre-onomastic meaning and has a peculiar semantics, and the bases of pseudonyms inform about the character of a person, about physical properties and shortcomings, about behavior, about origin, about comparing a person with various objects, animals, plants, about a profession, an occupation, a social position, a particular life event, etc. It should be also emphasized the role of metaphorization in the formation of pseudonyms, since the process of metaphorization (as it is defined by cognitive linguistics) is a very important tool in the creation of pseudonyms. It is closely connected with the literary text, as it predetermines the special position of the context, acting as an aesthetically significant component of the literary text.

Uzbek folk ecology – formation of the foundations of ecological culture in elementary school students
Gulnoza Jobborova1*
1Tashkent State University of Uzbek language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi, 100100 Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Abstract. This article shows the results of the research, the uniqueness of pedagogical methods in forming a positive attitude towards the environment among primary school pupils, as well as the necessary recommendations for forming a positive attitude towards the environment among primary school pupils. Providing environmental education to students in educational institutions, raising a sense of respect for nature and the environment in them, a careful attitude and a sense of responsibility for it, issues related to environmental education of primary school students are highlighted, historical experience, traditions and rituals of the Uzbek people, and folk language reflected in his work: proverbs, sayings, quick sayings, riddles, songs, verses, recitations are among them. Also, as evidenced by the historical and ethnographic material, the ancestors of the Uzbek people felt themselves together with nature. Environmental conditions have been consistently studied by them, knowledge and experience in this regard has been developed and deepened. The unique information of Uzbek folklore reveals the organic unity of man and nature  and its meaning, customs and ceremonies of the Uzbek people, as well as folk oral creativity: proverbs, proverbs, quick sayings, riddles, songs are aimed at forming the foundations of ecological culture.

The pipeline processing of NLP
B. B. Elov1*, Sh. M. Khamroeva1, and Z. Y. Xusainova1
1Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after A.Navai, 100100 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. The problem of NLP should be divided into several small parts and solved step by step. In this article, where NLP is necessary at every stage of solving the problem, all forms of text processing are considered. The step-by-step text processing is called a pipeline process in NLP. When creating any NLP model, the pipeline process is a sequence of steps that must be carried out. The planning and development of the text processing is considered as the starting point for the creation of any NLP project. This article discusses the steps involved in implementing a pipeline process and their role in solving NLP tasks. This article analyzed the most common preliminary processing steps on the NLP processing pipeline. All processing stages are pre-trained in various NLP libraries, identified as usable models. If necessary, additional, modified preprocessing steps can be developed depending on the given problem condition. One can determine how a particular initial processing stage serves a given NLP problem by many experimentations.

Psychological aspects of the communicative process of using interactive methods
D. A. Khidoyatova1*
1Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi, 100100 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. This article presents the results of a study conducted in schools in Samarkand, Syrdarya regions and the city of Tashkent in 2012-2019. On the basis of the conducted research and the results obtained, the important factors of the organization of the communicative process in interactive learning are analyzed. The analysis presents a set of rules and recommendations for the teacher to listen and respond to the students, as well as forcing them to take the correct positions during the dialogue. In general, the main psychological aspects of the correct organization of the communicative process in interactive learning are analyzed.

Development of world modern linguistics and discourse interpretation in it
Laylo Raupova1*, Nurislom Khursanov1, Laylo Khursanova2, and Sarvinoz Polatova1
1Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi, 100100 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
2Uzbekistan State World Languages University, 100138 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. In world linguistics, a number of directions are being formed that research the practical aspect of language. Language owners differ in terms of their past and present, outlook, level, cultural and moral level, ethnic and religious values, lifestyle, development and decline, traditions and spiritual attitudes. At the same time, in linguistics, there is a need for research based on the commonality of language and culture, language and communication, language and psyche, in particular, research that provides a linguistic, cultural, cognitive and lexicographical description of the language. The present paper discusses about the development of world modern linguistics and discourse interpretation in it.

Cross-linguistic influence: the role of L1 and L2 differences in acquiring second language
Maftuna Komilova1*
1Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi, 100100 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. This article discusses the role of first language and second language differences in second language acquisition process of L2 learners. This small scale research focuses on finding answers to three main questions: a) what are the main reasons for transferring L1 knowledge into L2; b) what should learners do to deal with this problem; and c) when does transfer start to diminish. The participants of this study are 21 students who are studying in their eleventh grade. According to the analysis of results, (1) main reasons for language transfer are different language structures and not enough knowledge in target language (knowledge gap in the target language) these, in turn, can slow down language learning pace of learners; to deal with the problem (2) learners should devote much time to learning (analyzing speeches, listening to podcasts, reading authentic articles, communicating with native speakers) and expose to L2 as much as possible, finally, (3) the influence of their first language has diminished significantly after time passed, but it didn’t disappear fully.

An interdisciplinary approach to the study of the concept of value
I. U. Minnikulov1* and B. A. Babanov2,3
1Uzbek State University of World Languages, 100138 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
2Academy of Internal Affairs Ministry of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 100197 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
3Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi, 100100 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. We have studied the essence of the concept of value from the viewpoints of various disciplines and clarified its conceptual content. The essence of this concept is explained based on the principle of interdisciplinarity. In particular, this concept is defined and described within the framework of anthropology, philosophy, sociology, psychology, linguistics, and is characterized according to the fields of these sciences, and its conceptual content is consequently determined. The conceptual content of this notion is studied as a basic category that is an integral part of a person and his life, regardless of the field or object of science. We can note that value is an object of investigation of a wide varieties of disciplines on account of its importance in the life of a person. We claim that its interdisciplinary character can be substantiated by the following facts that values can be the basis for the formation of theories within various spheres of social life and they regulate social relations in the society as well as evaluate objects, phenomena, activities of the people of the society accordingly. It is reflected in language as a means of representing axiological information on people, their actions, objects, phenomena and etc.

Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and markers of oxidative stress in mixed saliva of Bukhara oil refinery workers
Olga Bekjanova1* and Miraziz Adizov1
1Tashkent State Dental Institute, 100187 Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Abstract. The study evaluated the biochemical effects of chronic exposure to the oil refining industry on the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipid peroxidation processes in the saliva of hazardous production workers. The workers of the main specialties of the Bukhara oil refinery were examined. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines both in the workers of the hazardous shops of the oil refinery and in the employees of the plant management were determined by the amount of destruction of the epithelial attachment of the gums, determined by the value of the CPI index. At the same time, with an increase in the severity of periodontal lesions, the concentrations of pro-inflammatory mediators significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05). in those examined with healthy periodontium (CPΙ -0), the concentration of TNF-α in the mixed saliva of workers in hazardous production exceeds that of employees of the plant management by 83.85% (P ≤ 0.01); in those examined with low values of the СРΙ index (1–2), this excess was 41.23% (Р ≤ 0.01) and in severe lesions (СР Ι – 3–4) – 72.23% (Р ≤ 0.01). In general, the concentration of TNF-α in the mixed saliva of workers at the enterprise exceeded that of employees of the plant management by 61.20% (P ≤ 0.01); the corresponding excess levels of IL-6 were 85.00%; 80.00%; 72.33% and 65.91% Thus, the production hazards of the oil refinery are a systemic risk factor for the development of periodontitis.

Use of English terminology in technical and  transport universities
G. S. Mustaeva1*, M. M. Qurbanova2, and M. B. Ganihanova3
1Tashkent State Transport University, Adilkhodjaeva street, 1, 100067 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
2Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov, 100095 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
3Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi, 100100 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. In the process of globalization, the rapid spread of information sources, the enormous increase in the amount of socially important (scientific, technological, cultural, etc.) information cannot fail to have an impact on any society. In addition to traditional information technologies based on creating, transmitting, receiving, storing, processing, multiplying, automating processes and presenting information in the form of books, newspapers, photos and movies, conditions for the emergence of new types of information technologies in production using information and communication technologies created New information technologies are not displacing traditional ones, but at the same time, the amount of information is not decreasing. In society, there is a problem of human adaptation to information or, to put it differently, adaptation to information. The emergence and development of a large number of sign systems, as a result of which a multi-component "information field" is formed, constitutes a unique world of information. In modern pedagogy, the direction called visual literacy (English visual literacy) deals with the problems of forming the skills of using visual and audiovisual information.

Thermodynamics of Carbon (IV)-Oxide adsorption on NaA Zeolite obtained by modification of angren kaolin
Muxlis Oydinov1*, Tolibjon Abdulxayev2, Mirzihid Kokhkharov2, Eldor Abdurakhmonov1, and Firuza Rakhmatkarieva1
1Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, avenue Mirzo Ulugbek, 77A, 100071 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
2Namangan Engineering and Technological Institute, 160115 Namangan, Uzbekistan
Abstract. Purification of natural gas from carbon dioxide is extremely important for the gas processing industry of Uzbekistan. Type A zeolites are the most suitable for this purpose. The patterns of water adsorption in the NaA zeolite have been considered. It was found that an appreciable amount of water is adsorbed in β-cavities. The carbon dioxide molecule is somewhat larger than the water molecule and, therefore, at room temperature it is unable to penetrate into the β-cavities through the sixmembered oxygen windows of 2.6 Å diameter and form there ionmolecule clusters with sodium cations. However, the cations themselves can migrate from the β-cavities to the α-cavities under the influence of adsorbing molecules.

Importance of CLT in teaching vocabulary to adult learners
M. Sh. Khasanova1* and N. B. Mirzayeva1
1Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi, 100100 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. The communicative idea is highlighted by Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), which began in the 1970s. Communication is frequently hampered by lexical issues; communication fails when people use the wrong words. The ability to communicate is the ultimate goal of language learning. The purpose of this article is to clarify the value and necessity of the CLT application in teaching English vocabulary to adult learners. The goal of this study is to identify how the Communicative Language Teaching approach is employed in English classes as well as the methods and tools that teachers use to help their students develop their vocabulary skills. The participants are 10 pre-intermediate level students. In this investigation, a mixed method approach was used: a questionnaire and class activities were done to gather the data. It is crucial to emphasize that a range of tactics, in addition to those already described, can be used to give students more chances to use the language verbally in class. To help students develop their oral skills, teachers often offer other forms of feedback, such as elicitation and metalinguistic feedback.
Perinatal risk of premature birth: new obstetric opportunities
Nargiz Shavazi1*, Nilufar Аkhtamova, and Nadejda Katkova
1Samarkand state medical university, 18 Amir Temur ko'chasi, 140100 Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Abstract. Premature birth (PВ) is a complex medical and social problem associated with solving problems to improve the quality of subsequent life of children born prematurely and associated material and economic costs. The severity of complications associated with prematurity is proportional to the gestational age of premature birth. Currently, obstetricians face two main tasks: detection of threatening premature birth in order to avoid improper interventions and preparation of the fetus for premature birth with the help of adequate and at the same time safe medications. Most maternal complications develop during pregnancy, and many of them can be prevented or cured. These guidelines describe the impact of premature birth on obstetric complications, diagnostic methods and types of correction of various disorders, as well as the results of the study.

Contemporary linguistics in the light of new paradigms
Nozliya Normurodova1*
1Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi, 100100 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. This article presents an analysis for the first time from the standpoint of new directions of linguistics an attempt was made to study comprehensively verbal markers of anthropocentrism in discourse. The aim of the thesis is to identify verbal markers of anthropocentrism in literary discourse, based on semantic-stylistic, communicative-pragmatic, cognitive, cultural, psychological characteristics of the discursive personality of the author and personage. Accordingly, in the article: a new approach has been applıed to the analysis of literary discourse from the standpoint of the methodological principles of anthropocentrism, interdisciplinarity and integrity; the distinctiveness of literary discourse has been defined as one of the most complex types of communication - literary and cognitive, the subjects of which are the author and the personage; the provision on anthropocentrism of literary discourse being manifested in the discursive personality of the author and character was grounded;level parameterization of the linguocreative discursive personality of the author and the character from the standpoint of their semantic-stylistic, communicative-pragmatic, cognitive, cultural, and psychological characteristics has been carried out.

Lexical-Semantic features of the Arabic cognates related to the educational process
N. B. Rashidova1* and O. S. Tuychiyeva1
1Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi, Tashkent, Uznekistan
Abstract. The word-stock of the Uzbek language consists of native and assimilated words. Until the early 20th century, the assimilated stratum was enriched with Persian-Tajik and Arabic words. By the beginning of the 20th century, Russian words, and later international words, began to intensify. Although the process of mastering Persian-Tajik and Arabic words slowed down, the mastery of these languages retained the main position of the explanatory dictionary of the Uzbek language. Farsi-Tajik and Arabic words began to acquire the status of their stratum in relation to Russian-international words. Most of these words are difficult to distinguish without etymological analyses and dictionaries. Such similarities were accepted as similarities only by scholars, and in colloquial terms they became the words of their class. The processes of semantic development of borrowed words occurred within the Uzbek language. In this article the changes of roots associated with the learning process, observed during the historical development of semantics of Arabic lexemes are maximally highlighted.

Teaching academic writing in English: approaches and products
M. Rasulova1* and S. Ataullayeva1
1Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. English is the number one world language today. Writing in this language is the main task of every staff, including students. The article describes the difficulties that students encounter when mastering a written language in a foreign language course in English for Academic Purposes in the context of the specifics of the course. Methodological approaches to teaching foreign language written speech are analyzed, their strengths and weaknesses are identified, the possibility of using tasks inherent in these approaches in the course of academic writing to overcome the described difficulties is considered. Examples are given illustrating how tasks can be combined when writing an essay and annotation. The article shows some experiments with tables and explanations. The results of this article can be used in various scientific works and educational manuals in the future.

Effect of initial material creation methods on seed potato yield and crop structure
Gulom Ruzmetov1*, Laziz Jumanov1, and Oydin Kakhkharova1
1Department of Fruit-Vegetable growing and Viticulture, Tashkent State Agrarian University, 100140 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. This article presents the results of the research conducted for the purpose of studying the influence of the methods of initial material creation on seed potato productivity and crop structure. Also, the article provides valuable information about the influence of the methods of creating the initial material on the yield indicators of potato varieties. The results obtained in our research show that the methods of selection and initial material creation serve as one of the main factors determining the yield of clones. Based only on the visual method, the highest yield (26.6 t/ha) was obtained in the "Surkhan-1" variety. In the variety "Sante" this indicator was 23.0 t/ha, and in the variety "Umid 2" it was 24.7 t/ha. In the variant carried out with serological analyzes of this method, these indicators were 28.6, 24.6 and 26.3 t/ha, respectively, that is, the difference between the yield of the varieties according to the variants is 1.6-2.0 t per hectare. The highest additional yield was obtained from the variety "Surkhan-1" (2.0 t/ha).

The use of Turkic loanwords in the Russian Language S.B. Im1*
1Uzbekistan State World Languages University, 100138 Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
2Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi, 100100 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. The subject of the research is loanwords form Turkic languages in the Russian language. The basic rules for the development of the language, its connections with the history of society in different periods are clearly manifested precisely in the vocabulary. Loanwords from Turkic languages were borrowed through oral speech. This led to the emergence of various options for borrowing. The article describes the internal rules for the development of Turkic loanwords, reflected in their composition, functioning, semantics, and phonetics. The borrowing of loanwords, in particular, from the Turkic languages, is determined mainly by the needs of semantic differentiation. Turkic loanwords, as well as Western European loanwords, changed in semantics and went beyond the original sphere of functioning. In the process of development, Turkic vocabulary adjusts to the phonetic, morphological and semantic norms of the Russian language by changing their phonetic composition and semantics. Turkic loanwords are mostly monosemantic words that filled in the gaps in the system of nomination. Therefore, Turkic vocabulary was the only means of nomination for a long time. Later, becoming a part of the Russian language, Turkic loanwords acquire figurative meanings.

Fauna symbols in Uzbek and English cultural spaces
S. I. Khakimova1*
1Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi, 100100 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. In this article, we focus on one of the most efficient expressive language tool, namely, a symbol. In dictionaries, the word “symbol” is determined as follows: 1) an object, character, event that is used instead of another object in a symbolic condition; 2) a sign, number, letter that has a fixed meaning in science such as mathematics, chemistry and so on. However, our interest is directed to a language symbol, specifically, animalistic symbols whose meaning cannot be deducted from the literal definitions, but refers instead to a figurative meaning that is known only through conventional use. Conceptual meanings of the symbols are expressed through linguistic units like words, yet its social or extralinguistic meaning is based on experiences in a daily life. Furthermore, the study includes symbols which reflect the linguocultural aspects of English language by comparing them with the Uzbek ones, being highly associated with the cultural, religious and historical ties.

Technology of fabrication of CdSxTe1-x solid solution on silicon substrate
I. B. Sapaev1,2*, S. Sadullaev1, D. Babajanov3, B. Sapaev4, A. V. Umarov5, Sh. Y. Pulatov6, O. O. Meliziaev6, and K. S. Daliev7
1. NRU ”Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers”, Kori Niyoziy str.,100000 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
2. Akfa University, Milliy Bog Street 264, 111221 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
3. Tashkent State University of Economics, Islam Karimov Str. 49, 100003 Tashkent, Uzbekistan. E-
4. Tashkent State Agrarian University, University street, 2, Tashkent 100140, Uzbekistan
5. Tashkent State Transport University, Adilkhodjaeva street, 1, 100067 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
6. Kokand Branch of Tashkent State Technical University, Street U.Nasir, 4, Kokand, Uzbekistan
7. Scientific Research Institute of Semiconductor Physics and Microelectronics, National University of Uzbekistan, 100174 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. Heterojunction between Si and CdSxTe1-x have been obtained by the method of vacuum deposition of powders of cadmium sulfide and cadmium telluride on the surface of monocrystalline silicon. The optimal temperature regime for the growth of the CdSxTe1-x solid solution on the silicon surface has been determined. The values of the crystal lattice constant and the thickness of the CdSxTe1-x solid solution at the interface of the n/Si – n/ CdSxTe1-x heterostructure are calculated.

Obtaining new types of compounds between silicon and cadmium sulfide
I. B. Sapaev1, 2*
1. "Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers" National Research
University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
2. Akfa University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. The n+CdS-nCdS-nSi+ structures were obtained, and their voltampere characteristics at different temperatures were studied. The dependence of the volt-ampere characteristic shows that the sublinear and quadratic section of these structures has a section of current growth with voltage. It is determined that the n+CdS-nCdS-nSi+structures in the current flow direction at low illumination levels work as an injection photodiode. And these structures under laser illumination with λ=0.625 μm and power P=1.2 μW/cm2 have spectral sensitivity 2042 A/W, bias voltage 10 V. At irradiation by white light with energy W=3.6-10μW∙s it has integral sensitivity ≈21 A/I'm (2310 A/W) at bias voltage U=10V.

Old age as a basic concept of social gerontology: linguistic-theoretical aspect
K. O. Saparova1* and S. A. Ruzmetov2,3
1Uzbek State World Languages University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
2Urgench State university, Uzbekistan
3Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. This article examines the views of modern scientists on the phenomenon of old age, as well as the range of problems and concepts of special social science – gerontology, designed to solve demographic, socio-economic problems of aging. It is noted that social gerontology, which is a branch of the abovementioned science, also relates to the group of sciences of the linguistic cycle: culture of speech, stylistics, sociolinguistics and others. It is pointed out that the speeches of elderly people are characterised by specific lexical units and idiomatic expressions. Issues related to the old age and the ageing of man since ancient times have been in the focus of philosophers' attention. The article mentions the works of the famous statesman of the Roman Empire, politician, philosopher and orator Mark Tullius Cicero (106-43). Theauthor concludes that the integration of social gerontology with linguistic science may lead to the emergence of a new scientific field, that will possibly be named linguistic gerontology or gerontological linguistics.

Linguopragmatic characteristics of electronic typing on the basis of business correspondence
Zukhra Sayibova1* and Zaure Kertayeva1
1Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi, 100100 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. Topicality of the research is conditioned by the followings: 1) that it is done in the framework of modern linguistic trend – Linguopragmatics; 2) by the absence of scientific works devoted to theinvestigation of Linguopragmatic peculiarities of electronic writing. Aim and tasks of research: to determine the term linguopragmatic , to show that Business correspondence is one of the main writing styles where linguopragmatic categories are used mostly in order to convey the written electronic message successfully and to show the usage of linguopragmatic principles through the analysis .Subject and object of research: object is electronic business correspondence ,subject is linguopragmatic peculiarities of business correspondence Methods of research: descriptive , analytic.The degree of novelty of the research is determined by the fact that this is the first investigation devoted to the linguopragmatic peculiarities of electronic business correcpondence . Practical value and degree of embed: the material of the research can be used in delivering lectures and practical lessons on Linguopragmatics, Text Analysis, Linguopragmatic Studies, in writing research works, text books and manualsThe results obtained: 1) linguistic specificity of concept lingupragmatic has been defined 2) a complex method of linguopragmatic analysis has been worked out; 3) the role of Linguopragmatic categories such as Gricean maxims, Speech act functions , Politeness and explicit way of expressing message in business correspondence been revealed General summary and recommendations.In order to reach the success in conveying message in business correspondence according to the research in analyzed types of business letters Linguopragmatic categories such as Gricean maxims, Speech act functions , Politeness and explicit way of expressing message are applied.

Methods of eliminating homonymy within different, grammatically similar word groups
Sh. S. Sirojiddinov1*, B. B. Elov1, and X. I. Axmedova1
1Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi. Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. The problem of automatic processing of natural language remains relevant for more than half a century. One of the important problems in the field of NLP is the creation of a semantic analyzer, which in turn goes through a number of steps. Determining homonymy is important in the semantic analysis of sentences. A method based on rules, a method based on statistical data, and methods based on machine learning are also used to determine homonymy. Statistical methods are mainly used to determine homonymy between grammatically similar word groups. In this article discusses the use of homonymy between two grammatically similar nouns and adjectives using statistical methods, namely Frequency and Bayesian methods. If bigrams and trigrams are used in the Bayesian method, the characteristics of word groups are classified in the frequentist method, and the parameters that can distinguish them are determined. The identified parameters are converted into numbers as a result of observations and probabilistic decisions are made.

Experience of teaching ghazal genre in schools of Uzbekistan
B. Tukhliev1* and D. B. Tukhlieva1
1Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. The literature curriculum includes samples of lyrical works of various genres, and among them, especially the classical lyric genre – ghazals, requires a special approach. In the learning process, traditional methods of interpretation and are widely used in the analysis of the text of ghazals. But today there is a growing need for new approaches and the use of modern methods and technologies in the interpretation of gazelles. This article describes the description and essence of the new methodology "System Analysis" in teaching the ghazal genre in secondary schools. It explores interactive methods that serve to reveal the content of gazelles, the possibilities of digital technologies to increase student interest in classes, the impact of such activities on the level of acquisition of relevant skills by students. The content of the experimental work carried out in various regions of Uzbekistan is explained, and the results are calculated using mathematical and statistical methods. Apart from all the oft-sited, the current state of teaching ghazal genre samples in secondary schools was studied and practical recommendations were given for its improvement.

The use of cholecalciferol in the treatment of bronchial asthma in children
Nafisa Turaeva1*, Lola Mukhammadieva1, Dilrabo Mamatkulova1, and Sakina Tairova1
1Samarkand Medical University, 100187 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. The results of evaluation of the clinical efficacy of cholecalciferol in the complex treatment of bronchial asthma in children are presented. 60 children with bronchial asthma were examined. All patients were prescribed cholecal ciferol in addition to basic therapy. In all children, the level of the 25(OH)D metabolite was determined in the blood serum. The study of clinical efficacy after treatment showed an increase in the content of vitamin D, in children there was an improvement in the course of the disease: the number of exacerbations per year, the number of night attacks decreased, the length of stay in the hospital was reduced, attacks stopped in a shorter time, the duration of dry and wet cough significantly decreased, it was noted reduction in the duration of shortness of breath, cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle, oral wheezing.

Strategies for assessing the effectiveness of an online education program
R. S. Turdieva1* and G.R. Razzakova2 1Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
2Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi
Abstract. There are a number of useful approaches that may be used to carry out a more superficial examination of skill progress. Despite the fact that assessment is a huge and rigorous topic of study as well as a possible career opportunity in and of itself, there are a number of these methods. You may want to analyze the degree of skill acquisition where training is the program input, skill attainment is a short-term consequence, and the training receivers are only a transient benefit group. This article investigates the strategies for evaluating online training efficiency by means of Kirkpatrick’s approach. Methods, challenges and techniques are given in more details.

Adsorption energetics of benzene vapors on activated adsorbent based on glycyrrhiza glabra root extract residues
Ziyada Djumanova1* and Eldor Abdurakhmonov2
1Karakalpak state university named after Berdak, ul. Akademika CH.Abdirova 1, 230112 Nukus, Uzbekistan
2Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, avenue Mirzo Ulugbek, 77A, 100071 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. Glycyrrhiza glabra root plant is mainly used in the pharmaceutical industry to obtain drugs. However, one of the important tasks is to obtain coal adsorbents with effective use of the remaining residues. We will have the opportunity to determine the full thermodynamic properties of the activated carbon adsorbent enriched with additional substances from the residues of the licorice root and to fully determine the adsorption properties of the obtained porous coal adsorbents using capillary and volumetric methods in a high-vacuum adsorption device and a high-sensitivity DAK 1-1 calorimetric apparatus. By determining the benzene adsorption isotherm, differential heat, entropy and equilibrium time of the obtained coal, the adsorption capacity of the new adsorbent, the location of the active centers, and the pore sizes can be described in detail.

A Bibliometric analysis of tourism discourse research articles published between 2012 and 2021
Zuhra Hakimova1*
1Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi, 100100 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. Bibliometric article analysis is considered to be important in tourism as a outcome of external research quality evaluation, the demonstration of prestige and influence rate, and also study for further development. A bibliometric article review may be applied to different type of publication, yet the main focus is on journals. Working on the mixed judicious use of literature review and bibliometric and content analysis, we examined a sample of 1268 studies by their year, country, affiliation and their source from the Scopus database on the subject of ‘tourism discourse’ between 2012 and 2021 which aims to define the dominating trends and find out the prevailing and prestigious articles in the given period of time. During the research, multiple methods of literature review and bibliometric analysis are applied including keyword analysis, descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. We identify the most influential authors and articles based on their publications and citations. Additionally,we also present potential directions for further research.